Canada: Value of imports and exports for mineral and metal products, including coal, by stage1 and total economy2

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The series of pie charts illustrate the percentage of trade of mineral and metal products, including coal, by trade type and stage of processing in 2025.

Total exports3, in millions of dollars

Year Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 Total % of Total
Economy
2021 43,281 41,047 23,537 22,146 130,011 20.6%
2022 58,625 50,624 28,107 24,572 161,928 20.7%
2023 50,484 52,606 28,893 24,798 156,781 20.4%
2024 44,178 62,920 28,936 24,344 160,377 20.5%
20254 45,651 77,518 22,884 21,578 167,631 21.5%

Domestic exports5, in millions of dollars

Year Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 Total % of Total
Economy
2021 43,202 40,956 22,472 19,574 126,204 21.7%
2022 58,511 50,205 26,596 21,600 156,913 21.5%
2023 50,448 51,004 27,187 21,737 150,377 21.1%
2024 44,133 61,525 26,959 20,776 153,392 21.2%
20254 45,568 76,935 21,394 18,179 162,077 22.5%

Total imports6, in millions of dollars

Year Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 Total % of Total
Economy
2021 12,121 19,736 32,049 43,427 107,333 17.4%
2022 13,913 22,590 37,924 52,438 126,864 17.0%
2023 15,009 24,465 32,069 52,652 124,196 16.4%
2024 16,001 24,011 30,559 55,377 125,948 16.4%
20254 14,362 34,786 29,897 56,930 135,975 17.2%

Balance of trade7, in millions of dollars

Year Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 Total
2021 31,161 21,311 -8,511 -21,282 22,678
2022 44,713 28,034 -9,817 -27,866 35,063
2023 35,475 28,140 -3,176 -27,854 32,585
2024 28,177 38,909 -1,624 -31,033 34,430
20254 31,288 42,732 -7,013 -35,351 31,656

Stages

Mineral products are classified into four stages of processing:

  • Stage 1 (primary products) includes products from the mining industry including the discovery of ore, ore extraction and processing to the concentrate stage.
  • Stage 2 (smelting and refining products) includes products from metallurgical processes, which are relatively pure minerals, metals and alloys. Some activities related to this stage are smelting, refining, roasting, calcining etc.
  • Stage 3 (semi-fabricated products) includes semifinished and semi-fabricated products that are input in other industries, such as wire, sheets, strips, tubes and flat rolls.
  • Stage 4 (fabricated products) includes further processed products and final goods, such as metal structures and framing, hardware items, tools, cutlery and pipefittings.

Total economy

  • Total Economy (exports) is the sum of all merchandise (i.e. Harmonized System Chapters 1 to 99), exported by Canada.
  • Total Economy (imports) is the sum of all merchandise (i.e. Harmonized System Chapters 1 to 99), imported into Canada.

Total exports

Total exports are all goods leaving Canada (through customs) for a foreign destination. Total exports are the sum of domestic exports and re-exports.

2025

This calendar year was updated based on Statistics Canada's revised data release, 12 March 2026.

Domestic exports

Domestic exports are all goods grown, extracted, produced or manufactured in Canada, that leave Canada (through customs) for a foreign destination. Exported goods of foreign origin that have been materially transformed in Canada, are also known as domestic exports.

Total imports

Total imports are all goods which have entered Canada by crossing the border, whether for immediate domestic consumption or for storage in customs bonded warehouses. They include re-imports, which are goods re-entering Canada after having been exported abroad without having been materially altered or substantially enhanced in value while abroad.

Balance of trade

Balance of trade is the difference between the monetary value of Canada’s imports and exports over a certain period. It is calculated by subtracting imports from total exports.

Note: Numbers may not add to totals due to rounding.

Contact information

For any questions, contact the Minerals and Metals Statistics Division:
Email: Mineral Trade Statistics Office
Web site: Mineral and Mining Statistics
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